报告类大作文，健康类话题
Many people like to eat unhealthy food even though they know it’s bad for them. Why? What effective way can improve people’s healthy eating habits?
题目来源：2021年12月18日大陆雅思大作文
题目大意
许多人知道对身体不好但喜欢吃不健康的食物，为什么？什么方法可以改善人们的健康饮食？
思路解析
这是一道报告类大作文，聊的是如何改善健康饮食的问题。报告类的考题正常来说结构比较简单，根据问什么答什么的原则，主体段一回答为什么人们喜欢吃不健康食物，主体段二讨论什么方法可以改善饮食健康。题目本身不难，无论是原因还是解决办法都有很多观点可以写。审题时候要注意，这道题目头一小问的why需要围绕着个人展开，有的同学可能会讨论公司为什么要生产这些unhealthy food，那就偏题了。下面就和大家一起来看下具体观点。
先来看人们喜欢吃不健康的食物的原因，主要有三方面。
一是不健康的食物大多都比较便宜，对于很多收入不太理想的人，想要每天吃饱，便宜味道又尚可的食物无疑是他们喜欢和能接受的不二选择。
二是这些不健康的食物往往都有高油高糖高脂肪等特性，而这些成分又容易引发人们的食欲并让人心情愉悦。比如糖分进入身体后，人的大脑会产生多巴胺，而多巴胺正是能够让人产生快乐情绪的原因。因此人们出于身体本能会喜欢吃这一类的食物。
三是很多不健康的食物对人体造成的危害都是慢性的，只有当人们长期食用或者过量食用后才会体现。因此即使人们知道有潜在的风险，但因为当下没有痛苦使得人们会忽略风险，转而食用这些食物来满足口腹之欲。
然后来看如何使得人们改善健康的饮食结构。可以从政府、企业和个人三方面进行讨论。
个人可以去学习关于垃圾食品对于身体危害的认识，在希望改善饮食结构时可以给自己制定明确的计划表和明细，来*自己的执行力，并且当自己完成了阶段性*，可以设定奖励以达到激励自己的作用。
企业需要在食物上明确标识相应成分，来让人们对不健康的成分可以有更清晰的认知。同时也可以改进食品加工的工艺，在成本可控的情况下推出味道更好且更健康的食物来吸引人们*。
政府一方面可以加强健康饮食方面的宣传，来*人们的意识，改变他们的饮食观念。另一方面可以对生产不健康食物的企业进行监管，严格控制相关成分的添加、限制其市场宣传甚至增加额外的税收，达到减少市面上不健康食物的数量的目的。
范文示例
While most people are clear about the correlation between unhealthy food and poor physical conditions, they still find themselves hard to resist the temptation. This article shall examine two main reasons why unhealthy foods are so attractive to consumers and give some suggestions to policy-makers and manufacturers to create a sounding food industry that benefit customers.
It is undeniable that most people crave for unhealthy foods for their unparalleled flavor. Taking a glance at the common unhealthy foods that stimulate people’s appetite in daily life: fast food, biscuits or chocolate, and puffed food with lots of seasonings. These foods are rich in oil, salt，sugar and fat which cater for people’s preferences and give them a sense of satisfaction, but excessive intake of these ingredients increase people’ risk of digestive tract problems, hypertension and other related diseases. What’s more, consumers’ lack of health consciousness should also be blamed. Most of the unhealthy impacts those foods exert on people are chronic, which means that severe symptoms are often neglected as they only appear when intakes reach a certain level. Being desirous of their addictive taste, some people would rather enjoy the temporary moment of pleasure, thus ignoring the long-term effect their bodies have to suffer.
In addressing this critical issue, both governments and food companies have irreplaceable roles to play. To begin with, governments must strengthen supervisions over the food industry all the way from production to market advertising, strictly ban the over-hyping of unhealthy foods to appeal to people. Then, more education must be instilled to increase people’s awareness about the danger of unhealthy foods and persuade more people into choosing healthy organic products. As for manufacturers, apart from making money, they should prioritize people’s health and shoulder more social responsibility. Clearly labelling the specific ingredients and processed methods used to improve transparency so that consumers can be well-informed when choosing the products and making their careful decisions.
In conclusion, the mounting urgencies of people’s poor self-control over unhealthy food require governments and food sectors to act together to solve this problem. For the sake of people’s own health, more healthy food must be adopted as alternatives.
相关词汇和语法结构
correlation 联系
resist the temptation 抵挡诱惑
crave for 渴望
puffed food 膨化食品
digestive tract problems 肠胃问题
hypertension 高血压
chronic 慢性的，长期的
irreplaceable 不可代替的
over-hyping 过度宣传
transparency 透明
for the sake of 为了…
